Introduction to Git
Git is a free and open source,
distributed version control system designed to handle everything
from small to very large projects with speed and efficiency. Every
Git clone is a full-fledged
repository with complete history and full revision tracking
capabilities, not dependent on network access or a central server.
Branching and merging are fast and easy to do. Git is used for version control of files, much
like tools such as Mercurial-6.8.1, Bazaar, Subversion-1.14.3, CVS, Perforce, and Team
Foundation Server.
This package is known to build and work properly using an LFS 12.2
platform.
Package Information
-
Download (HTTP):
https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/git-2.46.0.tar.xz
-
Download MD5 sum: 2309cd803a02378380f24c50667d9bfb
-
Download size: 7.2 MB
-
Estimated disk space required: 441 MB (with downloaded
documentation; add 19 MB for building docs; add 21 MB for
tests)
-
Estimated build time: 0.3 SBU (with parallelism=4; add 0.4
SBU for building doc, and up to 7 SBU (disk speed dependent)
for tests)
Additional Downloads
Git Dependencies
Recommended
cURL-8.9.1 (needed to use Git over http, https, ftp or ftps)
Optional
Apache-2.4.62 (for some tests), Fcron-3.2.1 (runtime, for
scheduling git
maintenance jobs), GnuPG-2.4.5
(runtime, may be used to sign Git
commits or tags, or verify the signatures of them), OpenSSH-9.8p1 (runtime, needed to use
Git over ssh), pcre2-10.44, Subversion-1.14.3 with Perl bindings
(runtime, for git
svn), Tk-8.6.14 (gitk, a simple Git repository viewer, uses Tk at runtime), Valgrind-3.23.0,
Authen::SASL and
MIME::Base64 (both
runtime, for git
send-email), and
IO-Socket-SSL-2.088 (runtime, for
git send-email to
connect to a SMTP server with SSL encryption)
Optional (to create the man pages, html docs and other docs)
xmlto-0.0.29 and asciidoc-10.2.1 , and also dblatex (for the PDF
version of the user manual), and docbook2x to create info
pages
Installation of Git
Install Git by running the
following commands:
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--with-gitconfig=/etc/gitconfig \
--with-python=python3 &&
make
You can build the man pages and/or html docs, or use downloaded
ones. If you choose to build them, use the next two instructions.
If you have installed asciidoc-10.2.1 you can create the html
version of the man pages and other docs:
make html
If you have installed asciidoc-10.2.1 and xmlto-0.0.29 you can
create the man pages:
make man
The test suite can be run in parallel mode. To run the test suite,
issue: make test -k |& tee
test.log. If some test fails, the list of failed
tests can be shown via grep '^not ok'
test.log | grep -v TODO.
Now, as the root user:
make perllibdir=/usr/lib/perl5/5.40/site_perl install
If you created the man pages and/or html docs
Install the man pages as the root
user:
make install-man
Install the html docs as the root
user:
make htmldir=/usr/share/doc/git-2.46.0 install-html
If you downloaded the man pages and/or html docs
If you downloaded the man pages untar them as the root user:
tar -xf ../git-manpages-2.46.0.tar.xz \
-C /usr/share/man --no-same-owner --no-overwrite-dir
If you downloaded the html docs untar them as the root user:
mkdir -vp /usr/share/doc/git-2.46.0 &&
tar -xf ../git-htmldocs-2.46.0.tar.xz \
-C /usr/share/doc/git-2.46.0 --no-same-owner --no-overwrite-dir &&
find /usr/share/doc/git-2.46.0 -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \; &&
find /usr/share/doc/git-2.46.0 -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \;
Reorganize text and html in the html-docs (both methods)
For both methods, the html-docs include a lot of plain text files.
Reorganize the files as the root
user:
mkdir -vp /usr/share/doc/git-2.46.0/man-pages/{html,text} &&
mv /usr/share/doc/git-2.46.0/{git*.txt,man-pages/text} &&
mv /usr/share/doc/git-2.46.0/{git*.,index.,man-pages/}html &&
mkdir -vp /usr/share/doc/git-2.46.0/technical/{html,text} &&
mv /usr/share/doc/git-2.46.0/technical/{*.txt,text} &&
mv /usr/share/doc/git-2.46.0/technical/{*.,}html &&
mkdir -vp /usr/share/doc/git-2.46.0/howto/{html,text} &&
mv /usr/share/doc/git-2.46.0/howto/{*.txt,text} &&
mv /usr/share/doc/git-2.46.0/howto/{*.,}html &&
sed -i '/^<a href=/s|howto/|&html/|' /usr/share/doc/git-2.46.0/howto-index.html &&
sed -i '/^\* link:/s|howto/|&html/|' /usr/share/doc/git-2.46.0/howto-index.txt
Command Explanations
--with-gitconfig=/etc/gitconfig: This
sets /etc/gitconfig as the file that
stores the default, system wide, Git settings.
--with-python=python3: Use
this switch to use Python 3,
instead of the EOL'ed Python 2.
Python is used for the git
p4 interface to Perforce repositories, and also
used in some tests.
--with-libpcre2: Use this switch if
PCRE2 is installed.
tar -xf ../git-manpages-2.46.0.tar.gz
-C /usr/share/man --no-same-owner: This untars
git-manpages-2.46.0.tar.gz. The
-C option makes tar change directory to
/usr/share/man before it starts to
decompress the docs. The --no-same-owner option stops tar from preserving
the user and group details of the files. This is useful as that
user or group may not exist on your system; this could
(potentially) be a security risk.
mv /usr/share/doc/git-2.46.0
...: These commands move some of the files into
subfolders to make it easier to sort through the docs and find what
you're looking for.
find ... chmod ...:
These commands correct the permissions in the shipped documentation
tar file.
Configuring Git
Config Files
~/.gitconfig and /etc/gitconfig
Contents
Installed Programs:
git, git-receive-pack,
git-upload-archive, and git-upload-pack (hardlinked to each
other), git-cvsserver, git-shell, gitk, and scalar
Installed Libraries:
None
Installed Directories:
/usr/libexec/git-core,
/usr/lib/perl5/5.40/site_perl/Git, and
/usr/share/{doc/git-2.46.0,git-core,git-gui,gitk,gitweb}
Short Descriptions
|
git
|
is the stupid content tracker
|
|
git-cvsserver
|
is a CVS server emulator for Git
|
|
gitk
|
is a graphical Git
repository browser (needs Tk-8.6.14)
|
|
git-receive-pack
|
is invoked by git
send-pack and updates the repository with
the information fed from the remote end
|
|
git-shell
|
is a login shell for SSH accounts to provide restricted
Git access
|
|
git-upload-archive
|
is invoked by git archive
--remote and sends a generated archive to
the other end over the git protocol
|
|
git-upload-pack
|
is invoked by git
fetch-pack, it discovers what objects the
other side is missing, and sends them after packing
|
|
scalar
|
is a repository management tool that optimizes Git for
use in large repositories
|